Finance for adaptation programmes is essential to deliver climate resilience and sustainable development in developing and transition economies. This session will explore what needs to change to make adaptation finance work and scale. Achieving transformational impact requires active collaboration across governments, regulators, private investors, insurers, philanthropies, technical experts, and local organizations. Donors and grant-makers are critical in mobilising and de-risking private and impact investments, while insurers and regulators (including those advancing standards like TCFD and IFRS) set frameworks for accountability, transparency, and risk management. Each actor plays a distinct role: concessional finance attracts capital, insurers support risk transfer, and private investors seek sustainable returns. New universal metrics are increasingly needed to track engagement, learning, risk reduction, and adaptive management, ensuring true impact, continuous improvement, and scalable, long-term climate solutions.